Process of oiling and finishing textile materials.



No. 7e1,2o3.

Patented May 31, 1904 I PATENT OFFICE. I

ROBERT sTEwART OARMIOHAEL, JAMES OARMIOHAEL, AND FREDERIG ROBERT OARMIGHAEL, E AR s, 'ERAN PROCESS OF OILING AND FINISHING TEXT LE MATERIALS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 761,203, dated May 31, 1904. Application filed August 27,1902. Serial No. 121,202. (No'specimens-l To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that we, ROBERT STEWART CAR- MICHAEL, JAMES (JARMIOHAEL, and FREDERIO ROBERT CARMIOHAEL, citizens of the French Republic, residing at 15 Rue du Louvre, Paris, France, have invented new and useful Improvements in Processes of Oiling and Finishing Textile Materials, of which the following is a specification.

Finishes the basis of which is starch, amylum, or dextrines have all the drawbacks of imperfectly maintaining the filling substances or dressings which they are intended to fix either on raw textile materials or on yarn or fabrics, so that the advantage that it is intended to obtain by the'loading of the textile materials with such substances is only illusory, because this incompletely-fixed loading falls out as dust during the mechanical operations of working the textile materials, (carding, combing, spinning, and weaving.)

It has not hitherto been possible to effect in a single process the operations of oiling and loading and finishing textile materials so as to preserve the loading fixed during the operations hereinbefore mentioned.

Our improved process has for its object, first, to effect the oiling, finishing, (sizing,) and loading by the use of a single bath having a casein base, the operation being carried out either by steeping or by means of a mechanical oiler; secondly, to finish (size) and load the tissues,'yarn, or raw textiles in a durable manner by the use of casein as the means for fixing the loading or inert substances.

Our process is based on the colloidal property of casein, its plasticity, and the faculty it possesses of forming with mineral oils soapy solutions which are case'inic and capable of being mixed with one another and also of holding in suspension a very large proportion of inert or heavy substances.

The proportion of the substances composing the bath employed for the carrying out of our process may vary according to the nature of the materials to be treated. Thus in the case of raw textiles the proportion of mineral oil or fatty material added is about six times as much as that of the casein, while when treating spun or woven textiles the fatty material added is much weaker than that of the casein-say about six times less than the latter. In a general way the baths that we prefer to employ have, according to circumstances, one of the two following composi tions:

First. In case we wish to treat a raw textile material in View of its oiling, finishing, loading the bath has the following composition: casein, sixteen parts; soap, eight parts; carbonate of soda or other alkaline substances, two parts; mineral or like oil, sixty parts; water, three hundred parts; loading substances, two hundred parts. This bath is prepared in the following manner: Powdered carbonate of soda is mixed with casein, which is also in powder, and the mixture is put to steepfor an hour in a cold soapy solution, and then the oil is incorporated and the whole is heated in a water-bath, agitating it, but not allowing it to boil. mixed with this solution and the whole is passed through a sieve. This solution, maintained at a heat of about fifty degrees, is applied to the raw or scoured textile materials by means of an oiler in the ordinary manner as if the oiling alone were being effected. At least three hundred liters of the bath hereinbefore specified must be employed per eighteen hundred kilograms of material. The textile material thus oiled, loaded, and finished then undergoes the ordinary operations of spinning, weaving, and the like. I

Secondly. 'For loading and finishing warp or fabric the operation is preferably carried out at the moment of sizing or by immersing the hanks. For preparing the bath of loading finish there is employed casein, twelve parts; mineral oil, two parts; soap, four parts; kaolin, seventy parts; water, two hundred parts; dry carbonate of soda, 1.500 parts, and we operate with this bath in the same way as for the ordinary sizing.

It is quite evident that the quantities hereinbefore mentioned will vary with the loading, flexibility, and finish to be obtained, knowing that per kilogram of inert substances to be fixed sixty grains of dry casein must be used.

The inert substances are then acidity being neutralized by the addition of 15 just sufiicient carbonate of soda, in a watery solution of soap, and by adding to this bath the fatty materials necessary for the finishing, and the material used for loading.

In witness whereof We have hereunto set 20 our hands in the presence of two witnesses.

ROBERT STEWART CARMICHAEL. JAMES CARMICHAEL. FREDERIC ROBERT OARMICHAEL.

Witnesses:

EDWARD P. MACLEAN, J ULES FAYoLLnT. 

